Revenue and expenditure categories of local and state governments in the United States

Neighborhood and state governments require income so as to encourage their activities. Government consumption is the monies the administration requires to back its capacities while income is their salary. For the most part, government use is ordered into three significant classes; government last utilization, government net capital development, and move payments.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on Revenue and use classifications of nearby and state governments in the United States explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Government last utilization and gross capital arrangement structure the biggest piece of state and neighborhood government’s total national output. Besides, the use of nearby and state governments is financed by government income. The nearby government gets income through expenses and non-charges channels; non-charge income incorporates government claimed companies, expenses, licenses, or sovereign riches reserves. The state government can likewise back its activities with acquired cash through awards and advances. Classifications of income and use Expenditure State and neighborhood governments need to give various merchandise and ventures to people in general. These administrations and merchandise incorporate transportation framework, water and sanitation, social insurance and instruction and installment of annuities and different advantages. By and large, the above uses are ordered in three classes, utilization, speculation, and move installments. Government last utilization: According to Organization for Economic participation (2010, p.42), â€Å"government last utilization consumption comprises of costs brought about by the administration in the creation of non-showcase last products and services.† Primarily, the administration spending on merchandise and enterprises that are utilized for direct advantage of its populace incorporates safeguard, arrangement of social insurance, water and sanitation and training. It is additionally separated into two classifications; the estimation of merchandise created by the administration itself and acquisition of products and enterprises delivered by the other market makers and provided to the network. What's more, utilization use comprises the biggest portion of consumptions; they incorporate acquisition of nondurable and solid merchandise. Non solid merchandise incorporate food and attire while tough items incorporate apparatuses and vehicles. Government net capital development: Government net capital arrangement is additionally alluded to as speculation consumption and it comprises of two kinds, use on fixed venture merchandise and stock speculation. Fixed speculation products are merchandise that are utilized in the drawn out models are plants, business properties, and acquisition of equipment.Advertising Looking for research paper on open organization? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper wit h 15% OFF Learn More Part of fixed speculation use includes procurement of new resource or fixes and upkeep, just as devaluation charge of the as of now being used resource. Venture use on institutional part incorporates transport foundation and open structures like school and clinics (Organization for Economic collaboration, 2010, p.44). Then again, stock merchandise are merchandise holding on to be sold toward the year's end; they are considered as speculation use since they â€Å"eventually yield a progression of utilization or creation services† (Organization for Economic participation, 2010, p.44). Government Transfer installments: According to Baumol and Blinder (2008, p.225), â€Å"government move installments is the use the nearby and state governments cause through installments that don't include direct creation of or merchandise or service.† Transfer installments are provided to people so as to help them in fundamental living necessities; instances of move in stallments are social government assistance, food stamps, and incapacity and retirement benefits. Furthermore, the requirement for move installments increments at whatever point there is a social or monetary emergency. Notwithstanding, some exchange installments are transient while others are perpetual; for instance, joblessness benefits are worldly while annuity installment is lasting. Income Local and state governments get their income through tax collection and other non-tax assessment strategies. Be that as it may, tax assessment is the most dependable technique for income assortment; all things considered, there are different sources like direct installment from central governments, client expenses, administration charges, permitting, and lottery and betting continues (Brunori, 2005, p.113). Expense: Tax is a money related charge forced on people or lawful substances in a state. Tax assessment might be done legitimately or by implication and the rates vary starting with one sta te then onto the next. The legislatures demand distinctive assessments on pay, riches and utilization; annual duty and standardized savings charge establish the biggest piece of state government’s income while nearby governments rely upon property and riches charges. Charges under utilization are deal and extract charge; deal charge is charge paid on fundamental products in the market while extract charge is charge on extravagance merchandise. In addition, property charge is the duty forced on homes, business premises, and land contingent upon their total assets at the given time of valuation. Non-charge sources: According to Brunori (2005, p.114), â€Å"the utilization of non charge hotspots for income assortment has created over the previous decade, it is approximated that $747 billion was gathered from non charge sources in 2003.† Primarily, the neighborhood and state governments get assets from the federals governments; in any case, they likewise acquire assets thr ough expenses like licenses, awards, unclaimed property, and credits and bonds issue. Entomb administrative assets are reserves gathered from different areas, not in the territory they are utilized to give services.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Revenue and consumption classifications of nearby and state governments in the United States explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Non-charge source are significant; be that as it may, they are temperamental wellsprings of income. For example, betting and lotteries contribute a little segment to state income; it is approximated that New York brought $13.7 billion up in 2003 from state run lotteries, around one percent of the complete state economy (Brunori, 2005, p.117). At long last, the administrations can acquire income through awards or credits from different states or association. Patterns and changes in income and consumption classifications In the previous years, there have been some em inent changes in income and use, which have either helped or sabotaged the administration conveyance by the state and neighborhood governments. By and large, neighborhood and state governments don't control charge rates and property charge distribution (Garcea, 2008, p.13). As per Brunori (2005, p.116), â€Å"Local and state governments can't spend monies from the national government as they wish thus diminishing state control.† furthermore, there is tight guideline on charge alleviation and the exchange use to vet the individuals who guarantee these advantages. Additionally, giving of awards and advances to nearby and state governments is managed by higher types of governments. Factors prone to influence income and consumption classes and why Some factors that influence the income and use classifications are; financial circumstance, order from more elevated levels of governments, arrangements and cataclysmic events (Honadle, Ciggler, Costa, 2004 p.5). Then again, financial e mergency makes individuals misfortune work and business to crumple, and thus, state and nearby government misfortune income from personal assessment, deal duty, and permitting of organizations. During a monetary emergency, the estimation of property goes down coming about to low income from property tax collection, while use increments because of expanded number of jobless individuals looking for food stamps or joblessness benefits. Government strategies and guidelines on the command of state and nearby governments influence venture use. Likewise, guideline on move subsidize from the national government and interstate assets can extensively bring down the income of governments. The unusualness of the administrative assets to state and nearby governments influences the arranging of income and consumption. Neighboring state charge strategy could make business and people to move starting with one state then onto the next. By and large, specialists like territories where nature is busin ess well disposed; along these lines, a convergence on individuals in a state would result to higher income assortment and simultaneously, higher use in government utilization expenditure.Advertising Searching for research paper on open organization? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More On the other hand, characteristic disasters can blow up the consumption, prompting low income assortment because of harm of foundation. Likewise, an expansion in future influences the exchange installments to beneficiaries in a state. Besides, globalization of the commercial center will make organization assessments to organizations troublesome and increasingly costly. Proportions of diminishing the effect of disturbance and why Disruption of income assortment and use ought to be stayed away from since it could bring about absence of indispensable products and enterprises. For example, schools and social insurance administrations must not be upset. Additionally, nearby and state governments are work concentrated; henceforth, they need assets to pay their workforce. In this way, utilitarian sharing courses of action among neighborhood and state governments can assist with decreasing the effect of diminished income (Garcea, 2008, p.13). From another point of view, two neighboring state s can share the police power unit or some other assistance, and guarantee that there are better strategies on allotment and utilization of government reserves so as fundamental administrations are conveyed to the general population. What's more, neighborhood and state governments ought to build up a solid speculation program, while the

A Definition of Liberal Media Bias

A Definition of Liberal Media Bias A Gallup survey found that only 40% of Americans trust the media to reasonably and precisely report the news. A lot of this has to do with the liberal tilt of news inclusion and stories. In legislative issues, moderates frequently manage a mind-boggling liberal inclination inside the predominant press, which incorporates the news divisions of significant communicate systems and significant papers. This is commonly just alluded to as journalistic spin. Journalistic spin doesn't allude to the political punditry class as political affiliations are typically referred to and the editorial is expected as feeling focused. Journalistic prejudice doesn't allude to media figures, for example, Rachel Maddow, Bill OReilly, and Al Sharpton who are required to give political perspectives. What Is Media Bias?â Journalistic prejudice alludes to the purportedly target writers in print and media who purposefully - and now and again unexpectedly - report or main stories in a manner ideal for Democrats and dissidents and horrible to Republicans and moderates. Writers, for example, Dan Rather, Bob Schieffer, and Wolf Blitzer who depict themselves as unadulterated newsmen could have their inclinations uncovered by conveying uneven reports. Dan Rathers endeavored takedown of George W. Bramble rings a bell. Instances of Media Bias Barack Obama got free goes in both the 2008 and 2012 presidential races as the media was principally keen on featuring the memorable idea of Obamas battle. While Sarah Palin was vigorously scrutinized by the media as coming up short on the experience to be Vice-President, the inquiry was never a significant issue with the determinedly less-experienced Obama. In 2012, the media turned each announcement by Mitt Romney (hounds in the midst of a get-away!) into stories that endured weeks, while simultaneously declining to cover the Fast and Furious embarrassment or the Benghazi assaults with earnestness. What's more, CNNs Candy Crowley scandalously interfered with a discussion trade among Romney and Obama by discussing Romney herself on Benghazi. (She wasn't right, however the repercussions were colossal.) While VP Joe Biden could scarcely make that big appearance without making a crazy faux pas during his residency, his mental stability or capability was never addressed in the manner that Dan Quayles was for once including an e toward the finish of potato during a spelling honey bee. That the card was given to Quayle by the school with the wrong spelling and that Quayle had scrutinized the spelling on the card is the piece of the story the media consistently appreciates disregarding. While Democrats normally find softball question and solution meetings from genuine writers, preservationists are generally left addressing crazy inquiries dependent on ludicrous suspicions. At the point when a disturbed shooter shot Congresswoman Gabby Giffords of Arizona, the media had positively no issue guaranteeing Sarah Palin was to be faulted in light of the fact that she once had a guide on her site that had utilized an objective on it to suggest that it would have been a serious congressional race. Fair-minded, Fair and Objectiveâ The issue with journalistic prejudice is that the writer and media characters are professing to be unprejudiced, reasonable, and objective however ordinarily wind up conveying uneven perspectives camouflaged as truth. Numerous Americans won't look further into each issue introduced by the media, rather than fully trusting the accounts. Any data that may dissipate the journalistic prejudice fantasies must be effectively looked for. Elocution: me-di-a bä «Ã©â„¢s Otherwise called: Mainstream Media; Lamestream media (Sarah Palin); Dinosaur Media (Laura Ingraham) Interchange Spellings: none Regular Misspellings: none Models In a free nation, individuals rely upon the media for their data about government and other amazing organizations. On the off chance that the press sounds the caution about some risk, individuals need to focus. However, on the off chance that they have lost trust in the press †in light of its inclinations †at that point there’s a decent possibility we’ll overlook the admonition. Also, that could be hazardous. - Bernard Goldberg on Media Bias an hour used to be interchangeable with gotcha, and it positively was the point at which it broke the Abu Ghraib story to hurt Bush in 2004, and when Dan Rather paraded counterfeit Texas Air National Guard archives to hurt Bush months after the fact. In the 2008 political decision cycle, â€Å"60 Minutes† asked John McCain for what valid reason he would let the Wall Street administrators sail away on their yachts and leave this [bailout] on the American citizen? They pounded Romney about staying away from military help †and his five children maintaining a strategic distance from military assistance. Kroft has never gotten some information about his inability to serve in the military, and he absolutely never got some information about whether he had pre-marriage sex with his better half †which Mike Wallace tossed at Romney. - Brent Bozell

How does technology effects us? Essay

Glance back at our day up until now, what number of individuals have we seen disregarding their general surroundings, not focusing on the clerk or not engrossing the data in class? In Alina Tugend article, performing multiple tasks can make you lose†¦Um†¦ center, she revealed that performing multiple tasks may appear as though it spares individuals time in any case, it makes individuals less effective. The facts may prove that innovation gives us efficient gadgets like push to vehicles, mobile phones that comprise of 4G web access, and clothes washers with worked in dyers; anyway a large portion of us despite everything grumble about not having sufficient opportunity. Like everything else on the planet, innovation has its advantages and disadvantages; it influences peoples’ fixation, composing aptitudes, and what we think about the real world; however how precisely is innovation influencing the manner in which we think, perused, compose and live? The advancement of i nnovation has incredibly improved my life yet reduced it simultaneously. It carried me closer to my family in Trinidad after my dad spent, three years prior. Signing onto Facebook and Instagram, getting calls, instant messages, video talking kept me attach into their reality all day, every day. Despite the fact that we manufactured such a solid relationship inside those years, I was thoroughly detaching based on what was happening around me and my close family. I resulted in these present circumstances acknowledgment when my little sister’s fifth birthday celebration about past without me taking note. The variety of innovation can be an interruption; for my situation, I withdrew myself from the most huge piece of my life. Innovation can be an interruption during office gatherings, day by day human collaboration, study time and even our focus; since, we are continually being hindered by a call, instant message or a game warning. Tugend, who composed, Multitasking Can Make You Lose†¦Um†¦Focus, clarified that performing multiple tasks really postpones our procedure as opposed to quickening it. We regularly accept that doing various assignments would be easy however it causes a wealth of stress. Research has demonstrated that the human psyche can just center â€Å"on a couple of things at a time† (716). I think performing multiple tasks all relies upon the two errands that is being consolidated, for instance: tuning in to music while doing math schoolwork appears to me as a decent blend in light of the fact that the music is helping the specialist better adapt to the math issues. Then again, driving while content messagingâ can be an interruption since, they exercises require full concentration and focus. Center is significant with regards to performing various tasks yet additionally noteworthy when utilizing the web to look through long bits of composing. In Nicholas Carr’s paper, Is Google Making Us Stupid, he states, â€Å"research that once required days in the stacks or periodical room of libraries should now be possible in minutes† (732). The utilization of innovation is exceptionally valuable and time productive, anyway does the masters defeated the cons? Carr additionally examines the battle against innovation to remain center; since now daily, â€Å"†¦three or four passages is an excessive amount to absorb† (733). I figured that we should understand that perusing doesn’t come common like discourse does. We should continue preparing ourselves to peruse regardless of if it’s in a soft cover book or an internet blogging website without interruptions. Numerous instructors and guardians accept most adolescents are diverted by content informing (messaging). An assortment of educators dispraise messaging on the grounds that most understudies use content slag and truncation in proficient works, and understudies don't get aware of the reality. Likewise there are parent who think messaging contrarily sway their kids relational abilities. Then again, Michaela Cullington, the composition of Does Texting Affect Writing, would in all probability oppose this idea. Cullington accepts that messaging persuade understudy to compose and furthermore it is â€Å"practice in explicit composing abilities, and a chance to pick up trust in their writing† (89-90). After her examination she was persuade that messaging isn't meddling in students’ composing abilities. I got myself a lot of times utilizing content slag when composing a paper to transform into class. Luckily, I have trained myself to content in complete sentence and utilize right shortened form so it wouldn’t meddle with my composing aptitudes. In the event that content informing doesn’t meddle than perhaps games can. Sam Anderson would consider games like Angry Birds or Fruit Ninja as â€Å"Hyperaddictive moronic games,† in light of the fact that it’s a basic thing that gets addictive and in the long run structure into an interruption. In Anderson paper, Just One More Game†¦: Angry Birds, Farmville, and Other Hyperaddictive Stupid Games, he delin eates that moronic games were intended to spring up in different events. For instance, you are doing analytics schoolwork and you get an instant message and out of nowhere it’s an hour later and you are propelling another feathered creature. Individuals are so appended to their telephones since game-examines researchers extraordinarily configuration games to be so addictive. Particularly since individuals can a play game anyplace at the palms of their hands. Utilizing the equivalent addictingâ technology can presumably â€Å"help take care of certifiable issues like corpulence, instruction and government abuse† (67). Living in an age where innovation influence everything around us including our correspondence, performing various tasks, fixation, composing aptitudes, and our perspective on the real world. I accept that innovation was made to make our lives simpler tragically, it can bring upon more troubles throughout our life. Innovation will consistently be winning and it is our duty to work with it. Most of individuals today have gotten so subject to innovation that they aren’t have the option to work an entire day without it. I trust it is up to the individuals of America to choose whether we have explo ited innovation, or has innovation exploited us, without us monitoring it. Works Cited Anderson, Sam. â€Å"Just One More Game†¦: Angry Birds, Farmville, and Other Hyperaddictive Stupid Games.† The Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings. Richard Bullock and Maureen Daly Goggin. New York, London: W.W. Norton and Company, 2013. 64-69 Print. Carr, Nicholas. â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid† The Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings. Richard Bullock and Maureen Daly Goggin. New York, London: W.W. Norton and Company, 2013.731-744. Print. Cullington, Michaela. â€Å"Does messaging influence writing† The Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings. Richard Bullock and Maureen Daly Goggin. New York, London: W.W. Norton and Company, 2013.87-95. Print. Tugend, Alina. â€Å" Multitasking can make us lose†¦Um†¦Focus.† The Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings. Richard Bullock and Maureen Daly Goggin. New York, London: W.W. Norton and Company, 2013.714-718. Print.

5 Ways Your Premed Can Boost Their GPA

With hard work and the right resources, there are ways to improve your childs GPA. Do you want to help your premed child get into med schoolwithout  having to nag or stress them out? This series has loads of  concrete,  actionable advice that will help your premed discover their competitive advantage and get Accepted!   A low GPA is probably the hardest area to improve. This makes sense – it was years in the making, and can’t be undone without time. It can take about a year in advanced level science courses to bump a ~2.7 GPA over 3.0. The lower your child’s GPA and the more classes he’s taken, the longer it will take him to reflect improvements in his academic record. Fortunately, whether your child’s GPA is just a bit off the mark or well below the competitive level, there are a number of different options you and your child can consider, including the following: 1. Applying to an international medical school. Pursuing a medical degree abroad might be a viable option for your child. The required GPA is often lower than the U.S. average and in some programs, the MCAT is not required. Courses are often taught by U.S. academic physicians with clinical rotations in the U.S. If your child does decide to attend an international medical school, realize that there will be other challenges – from language barriers to culture shock – that could affect your child’s studies. Probably the biggest challenge for international medical graduates is securing a residency program after completing medical school. Only 54% of IMGs match to PGY1 programs, although the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates reports a consistent increase in this number over the past decade. I’ve worked with many successful IMGs over this same time period. What sets them apart is that they make up for any lack in their initial qualifications by working harder than the average medical student. They’re heavily involved in university activities, community healthcare initiatives, and international competitions. And significantly, they’re the ones who can express the advantages of their non-U.S. medical education, including resourcefulness and the deep grounding in diagnoses that comes from doing without modern diagnostic equipment. If your child is interested in an international program, make sure you both do your research. Some Caribbean programs such as Ross University, St. George’s University, and the American University of the Caribbean have consistently high placement rates. Israeli programs like Sackler and Ben-Gurion have partnerships with American programs; likewise, the University of Queensland has an attractive option for U.S. students. And Ireland’s Atlantic Bridge program, although quite competitive, is flexible in its approach to the GPAs of qualified American and Canadian students. 2. Applying to a DO program. If your child’s application is competitive, but he just didn’t make the cut, he might consider an osteopathic medical program. Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (DOs) focus on integrating the whole person into the healthcare process, which makes them especially strong in family practice, general internal medicine, and pediatrics. They are fully licensed physicians; they train in the same residency programs, take the same national board exams, and sit for the identical USMLE exams that the MD students do. Your child’s chance of securing a residency might be less but the steady rise in DO matches suggests that any stigma against osteopathic physicians is waning. The good news for borderline candidates is that DO schools have lower GPAs and MCAT requirements: The average GPA in the 2015 application cycle was 3.44 while the average MCAT score was 26.38 (American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine). There are a number of programs worth exploring: West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial (Harrogate, TN), Nova Southeastern (Ft. Lauderdale, FL), Touro (Vallejo, CA, Lake Erie (Erie, PA), and Western University (Pomona) all have strong programs that are less competitive. If your premed cares more about being a doctor than the letters following his name, the DO route is definitely something to think about. However, getting into one of these programs is still going to require a strong GPA. 3. Boosting GPA with post-baccalaureate classes. This is a popular route, especially for applicants who did well on the MCAT but need some help with their GPA. Retaking science classes can show that one has mastered the material, but a better strategy is for your premed to take advanced classes and do well. If your child has any doubt about his ability to get an A, then this is probably not the best path for him. The quality of the institution offering the courses is important – community college won’t cut it. The best option is to see if your premed’s own alma mater will allow him to take additional courses; often this can be done at a reduced cost. If this doesn’t work out, Syracuse University has a very useful list of programs that offer post-bac courses in the sciences. 4. Improving GPA with a science-based master’s program. This is another preferred route for would-be reapplicants, because it provides opportunities for more independent, self-directed research and demonstrates scientific acumen. It can be especially useful if your student doesn’t have a research background already. Keep in mind though that applicants need to excel in their coursework and finish the entire program; making below-average grades or dropping out before the program ends will do premeds more harm than good when they reapply to med school. Master’s programs aren’t right for everybody – your child might not want to commit to a multiyear program, or might not be confident about his academic performance. Or he might not have the minimum GPA required for admittance in the first place, ruling out this option. 5. Proving potential in a special master’s program (SMPs). These programs, usually a year long, are often associated with a medical school. Students are immersed in a rigorous science-based curriculum almost identical to what they will face in medical school; often, they are even taking classes or being graded alongside first year med students. Success in these courses can show the admissions committee that your child is ready for medical training, which means that once he’s accepted into a special master’s program, the odds are very good that he’ll eventually get into medical school. Several programs cater to the lower end of the GPA/MCAT spectrum, including: †¢Ã‚  East Virginia Medical School M.S. in Biomedical Sciences: In the past five years, 90% of students have been accepted to med school after completion of EVMS’ program. The program runs for two semesters; the majority of courses are taught by faculty in the medical school. They require at least a 2.75 GPA and a 27 on your MCAT. They recommend applying by April, but applications are accepted through May. †¢Ã‚  Virginia Commonwealth University’s premedical Basic Health Certificate Program: Graduates completing the program with a 3.5 GPA/28 MCAT are guaranteed an interview at VCU School of Medicine. They require a 3.0 GPA and 25 MCAT for admission. Applications are accepted until July 1st. †¢Ã‚  Drexel’s Medical Science Program (MSP): The year-long MSP offers graduate level biological science coursework, formal MCAT preparation, community outreach, and undergraduate review courses in chemistry, physics, and organic chemistry. A 3.0 GPA and either a 17 on the MCAT or 70th percentile on the GRE is required for entry to the program. Success in the program guarantees admission to Drexel’s Masters of Biological Science or the IMS course. †¢Ã‚  Drexel’s Interdepartmental Medical Science (IMS) Program: Students spend 18 months in first-year medical school classes. Successful completion of their coursework enables them to continue on for another year to earn the MS of Medical Science. They are also guaranteed an interview at the Drexel School of Medicine. Applications are accepted year-round; a 3.0 GPA and an MCAT score of 27 or better is required. Because SMPs have a reputation as a more certain path to medical school, they can be quite competitive. hbspt.cta.load(58291, '9534d598-c61b-4594-9d01-6ca4808ccff3', {}); Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  Why You Should Consider Participating in a Special Masters Program (SMP)   †¢ 5 As for You Low GPA †¢ Applying to Medical School with a Low Science GPA

The Social Of Traumatic Brain Injuries - 1233 Words

Traumatic brain injuries are so prevalent. According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are approximately 1.5 billion people in the U.S who suffer from a traumatic brain injury and each year 85,000 people suffer long-term disabilities. A traumatic brain injury can affect a person’s life in many different ways including disruption physically, cognitively, vocationally, and socially. The most prevalent and persistent of all is social functioning. This paper explores many areas that take part in the social impairments after a traumatic brain injury. More specifically, it discusses the location of damage, behavioral challenges, and social interactions, competencies, and skills that make it difficult to maintain social relationships post injury. Why is maintaining social relationships a challenge after a TBI? Social competence refers to a person’s ability to get along with other people. After an individual has sustained a traumatic brain injury, social competence and social skills are often times impaired causing that individual to have a difficult time maintaining personal and social relationships. Social relationships are essential in living a productive life. Therefore, it is important that we look at the effects of not being able to maintain social relationships on a person’s quality of life. This paper considers the reasons why it is difficult for an individual who has experienced a traumatic brain injury to maintain socialShow MoreRelatedSocial Communication And Rehabilitation Of Adolescents With Traumatic Brain Injury1216 Words   |  5 Pages Social Communication and Rehabilitation of Adolescents with Traumatic Brain Injury Introduction Adolescence, the time between puberty and adulthood, is marked by a shift toward greater reliance on the peer group that the family, resulting in a greater need for more complex social communication. 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While, injuries such as these in adults can be severe, the effects of the injury on a child’s developing brain may be devastating. A lesion on a rapidly developing brain may be particularly detrimental, often resulting in delays or cessation of development (BraineRead MoreEssay On Tbi1010 Words   |  5 Pagesthat affect cognitive, physical and psychological well-being. These changes from preinjury status can have a financial and social impact. Outcomes can be greatly influenced by lack of access to care and by social and economic barriers (Stocchetti Zanier, 2016). Mr. Nowak is a 65-year-old male who lives in New Jersey and had a self-reported moderate traumatic brain injury nearly forty years prior. He had memory impairment, cognition issues, a lack of energy and a newly reported issue with balance

The Development and Provison of Prison Library for Juvenile

CHAPTER 1 Introduction Prisons are institutions that place physical confined for individuals who has been charged with or likely to be charged with a criminal offense may be held on remand in prison if they denied, refused or unable to meet conditions of bail, or is unable to post bail. If found guilty, a defendant will be convicted and may receive a custodial sentence requiring imprisonment. But the most severe punishment of individuals is death penalty. Inmates who have served in prison for long periods of time will be expected to be able to change their attitude to be the better person. While society expects them to be the better person, they also will have difficulties reinstating back into society and understanding the†¦show more content†¦The existence of the academic classes indirectly encourages young prisoners to use the prison library to obtain information relating to the education received. Cerite pasal 1MALAYSIA Malaysia Prison Regulations 2000 Prison Department used Prison Regulations 2000 for the general principles of prison administration. Prison Regulations 2000 contained the importance of education, rehabilitation and prison library. a) Regulation 147 : Religious education. The Officer-in-Charge shall make arrangements for the conduct of religious or moral education for prisoners under his charge by the following persons: i- Prison officer who is qualified to be a religious instructor. ii- In respect of Muslim prisoners, any person who has been issued with tauliah under any law relating to the administration of Islamic laws iii- In respect of non-Muslim prisoners, a person nominated by any religious association which is lawfully registered. b) Regulation 150 : Religious book There shall so far as practicable be available for the personal use of every prisoner books of religious observance and instruction or any other religious articles recognised for his denomination as are accepted by the Officer-in-Charge for use in prison. c) Regulation 151 : Educational classes. i- At every prison

Employee Performance & Motivation-Free-Samples Myassignementhelp

Question: Discuss about the Influence of Organisational Culture on Employee Performance and Motivation in Australian Superstores. Answer: I have gone through the assignments and it has helped me to learn many things. I have come to know about the importance of organizational culture in an organization that has direct and indirect impacts on the performances of the employees. The leaders have the roles and responsibilities to create and maintain a good and positive culture whether it is in any corporate or in any superstores (Alvesson and Sveningsson, 2015). I have learnt that a culture has influences on the economic performance of an organization. The journal has taught me that a supportive organizational culture has the capability of becoming one of the best motivational tools that can force employees in working efficiently and productivity will be improved. This has been the most critical issue of most of the companies as to how a good organizational culture can be maintained. A good organizational culture has enormous effects on the brand image and loyalty of a company as far as I have leant. The productivity of a c ompany is directly related to the motivational levels of the employees that are provided by a good culture (Nica, 2013). Every company is having some values and ethics, which the employees should abide by so that there is a good bonding and understanding between them. I have recognized certain factors like growth opportunities, social security, job enrichment and enlargement, rewards and recognitions and appraisal that can help in creation of a good organizational culture (Hogan and Coote, 2014). After going through the journal, I have come to know about many things that will help me in many ways. This experience will help me in the future in various ways. When I become a leader in any organization in future, I will be able to create a good organizational culture so that I can get the best productivity for my company. I will be able to motivate my employees and tell them to abide by the rules. I have also leant that several motivational factors will help me to understand the way I can motivate others. In my personal life, I would like to utilize these motivational factors so that I get motivated to perform better in my career. This has helped me in various ways for y academics as well as for my professional life. The learning will help me to deliver best in the exams, as this is very useful in the course. I have also mentioned that these assignments are very useful for me in the future as well. I can become a good professional if I abide by the rules and regulations of the company that I would work. In personal life these learning have enormous impacts. The area over which the research was conducted by me was vast. I had to go through various journal articles books websites and reports in order to successfully complete my research. I came across a journal article namely Egan et al. 2004 where I learned about the different aspects of organization culture. How the culture of the organization impacts the productivity of the organization along with the proper development of the employees through the enhancement of the work environment. I got to know that as the world of organization is very dynamic the expectations of the employees from the employer are also very high. Through the journal of Gagn and Deci 2005 I got to know that how the self determination theory work within the organization. How self determination can be implemented to motivate the employees and bring the best out of their efforts. After analyzing both the assignment it can be said that the main aims of the organization is to promote quality organizational culture that helps to increase the motivation of the employees. The values and beliefs help the employees in the organization to work harder and achieve the goals of the organization. The learning process helped me to understand the different acts that are put together by the organization to achieve success by assuring their employees of full support from the company. After studying the assignments thoroughly I have identified a number of different factors that are undertaken by these organizations to motivate the workers. Some of these include rewards, financial bonus, increments, promotion, insuring the employee and also promoting growth opportunities. The area over which the research was conducted by me was vast. I had to go through various journal articles books websites and reports in order to successfully complete my research. I came across a journal article namely Egan et al. 2004 where I learned about the different aspects of organization culture. How the culture of the organization impacts the productivity of the organization along with the proper development of the employees through the enhancement of the work environment. I got to know that as the world of organization is very dynamic the expectations of the employees from the employer are also very high. Through the journal of Gagn and Deci (2005) I got to know that how the self determination theory works within the organization. How self determination can be implemented to motivate the employees and bring the best out of their efforts. During my research process and my visit to the chosen company I saw that how employees take advantage of a good organization culture and bond and enhance the team work which eventually increases the productivity and development of the organization. Through the book of Hartog and Verburg (2004) I came to know about how high performance teams operate and strive in the organizations culture. High performance teams have a greater bonding s compared to the other terms. The organization culture makes them understand that although they have great personal abilities and skills it is not possible to enhance productivity and growth if they do not indulge in collaborative teamwork. Through the book of Hofstede ( 1980) I got the knowledge that how the leaders within an organization should work together to enhance the culture of the organization which would eventually lead to the development of employees and motivating them to provide extra effort towards the enhancement of the organization as a whole. Without proper leadership it is next to impossible to motivate the employees to provide the extra effort needed for the successfu l operations of an organization. In the book of Ivancevich, Matteson and Konopaske 1990 a great deal of knowledge was provided to me in relation to the management and behavior of the organization. I got the knowledge that the behavior of the organization is directly proportional to its managements. To make it simple if the organization is management in a good and ethical way the behavior of the employees and the organization as a whole is also going to be ethical. From the provided research materials I afforded to develop my own concept pertaining to the entire understanding of organisational learning. As a matter of fact it has the positive criteria to develop and elucidate how the organisational culture injects the norms and conditions within an individual. As a matter of fact, it needs to be taken in to certain condition with the help of developing own concept on this matter. Since, i have gone through different research papers while developing the literature of this topic, i afforded to be distinctive in forming idea on this very topic (Eaton and Kilby 2015). Organisational culture and the relationship of it with the working employees within an organisation were addressed during various processes of investigation. From the research process and the course i was able to structure a conceptual plinth that would help me develop further method of the investigation. With the help of the research i would be dealing with the ways in which the organisations addresses the working employees through better understanding of the actual criteria of how the employees would be effectively judging the work ethics within the organisation. As a matter of fact, the basic need is to be taken in to consideration with the help of a detailed investigation (Kaczynski, Salmona and Smith 2014). It can thus be stated the studies that i have used during my learning process needs to be evaluated and assessed during a profund investigative method. The business learning process was thus effective in creating a segment with the research learning. After analyzing both the assignment it can be said that the main aims of the organization is to promote quality organizational culture that helps to increase the motivation of the employees. The values and beliefs help the employees in the organization to work harder and achieve the goals of the organization (Jacobs et al. 2013). The learning process helped me to understand the different acts that are put together by the organization to achieve success by assuring their employees of full support from the company. After studying the assignments thoroughly I have identified a number of different factors that are undertaken by these organizations to motivate the workers. Some of these include rewards, financial bonus, increments, promotion, insuring the employee and also promoting growth opportunities. My study materials were filled with researches based on the study of the supermarkets (Manojlovic and Ketefian 2016). The organizational structures of the supermarkets were the main point that was highlighted in my learning assignment. Though very much similar to other projects it was quite different as the learning process made me aware of the motivational factors that the companies undertake to promote their business. As mentioned earlier the supermarkets like Woolworth and Aldi promote a friendly atmosphere for their employees to make sure that they enjoy their work .( Awadh and Alyahya 2013). My learning process also included the theories and models undertaken by these companies on motivation. The theories play instrumental roles to increase the performance and productivity of the organizations. These theories are pillared on five different levels. Primarily these organizations look after the psychological needs of the employees. This includes the performance factors of the employees. This learning would be very helpful for me as know I know that how organization culture effects the performance of the employees and motivates them. As a human recourses manager I would apply the learning in my organization to ensure that my organization has the best possible culture and the employees as a result are always motivated and work for the betterment of the organization. References Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S., 2015.Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Awadh, A.M. and Alyahya, M.S., 2013. Impact of organizational culture on employee performance.International Review of Management and Business Research,2(1), p.168 Eaton, D., Kilby, G. (2015). Does your organizational culture support your business strategy? Journal for Quality and Participation, 37(4), 4-7. Retrieved from https://www.asq.org Hartog, D.N. and Verburg, R.M., 2004. High performance work systems, organisational culture and firm effectiveness.Human Resource Management Journal,14(1), pp.55-78. Hofstede, G., 1980. Motivation, leadership, and organization: do American theories apply abroad?.Organizational dynamics,9(1), pp.42-63. Hogan, S.J. and Coote, L.V., 2014. Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), pp.1609-1621 Ivancevich, J.M., Matteson, M.T. and Konopaske, R., 1990. Organizational behavior and management. Jacobs, R., Mannion, R., Davies, H.T., Harrison, S., Konteh, F. and Walshe, K., 2013. The relationship between organizational culture and performance in acute hospitals.Social science medicine,76, pp.115-125. Kaczynski, D., Salmona, M., Smith, T. (2014).Qualitative research in finance. Australian Journal of Management. Manojlovich, M. and Ketefian, S., 2016. The effects of organizational culture on nursing professionalism: Implications for health resource planning.Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive,33(4). Nica, E., 2013. Organizational culture in the public sector.Economics, Management, and Financial Markets,8(2), pp.179-184.

Kennedy Essays - CubaUnited States Relations, Fidel Castro

Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States, the youngest person ever to be elected President, the first Roman Catholic and the first to be born in the 20th century.Kennedy was assassinated before he completed his third year as President, therefore his achievements were limited.Nevertheless, his influence was worldwide, and his handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis may have prevented the United States from entering into another world war.Kennedy was especially admired by the younger people and he was perhaps the most popular president in history.Kennedy expressed the values of 20th century America and his presidency had an importance beyond its political achievements.John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts where he was one of nine children.The Kennedy family was very wealthy and providedmeans for the Kennedy children to pursue whatever they chose and John F. Kennedy chose politics. John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1942 and as a new member Kennedy supported legislation that would serve the interests of his elements.Kennedy usually backed bills sponsored by his party but would sometimes show independence by voting with the Republicans.He also joined with the Republicans in criticizing the Truman administration's handling of China.In China, the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek, which had been supported by the United States, was unable to withstand the advance of Communist forces under Mao Zedong.By the end of 1949 government troops had been overwhelmingly defeated, and Chiang led his forces into exile on Taiwan.The triumphant Mao formed the People's Republic of China.Truman's critics, including Kennedy, charged that the administration had failed to support Chiang Kai-shek againstthe Communists. Despite Kennedy's wavering within his own party platform, John F. Kennedy easily won reelection to Congress in 1948 and 1950.In 1952 he decided to run against functioning Republican Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.Kennedy was little known outside his congressional district therefore he began his campaign two years before the election, meeting with hundreds of thousands of people in Massachusetts."Kennedy defeated Lodge by 70,000"1 votes despite the fact that Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Republican Presidential candidate, carried the state by just over 200,000 votes. As a candidate for the Senate, Kennedy promised the voters that he would do more for Massachusetts than Lodge had ever done.During his first two years as senator he backed legislation beneficial to the Massachusetts textile, fishing, watch, and transportation industries.In 1953, however, he defied regional interests and supported the Saint Lawrence Seaway project and later in 1955 he was the only New England senator to support renewal of the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act that gave the President the power to lower U. S. tariffs, or taxes on import goods, in exchange for similar concessions from other countries. In 1957 Kennedy became a member of the powerful Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and he later won a place on the Senate Committee on Improper Activities in the Labor Management Field.In 1958 he spent many of his weekends campaigning for reelection in Massachusetts senatorial contest.Kennedy wanted the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination, and almost as soon as the 1956 election was over, he began working toward it. Kennedy announced his candidacy early in 1960 and by the time the Democratic National Convention opened in July, he had won seven primary victories.When the convention opened, it appeared that Kennedy's only serious challenge for the nomination would come from the Senate majority leader, Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas.However, Johnson was strong only among Southern delegates and Kennedy won the nomination on the first ballot and then persuaded Johnson to become his running mate. Two weeks later the Republicans nominated Vice President Richard Nixon for president and Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., for vice president.In the fast-paced campaign that followed, Kennedy made stops in 46 states and 273 cities and towns, while Nixon visited every state and 170 urban areas.The two candidates faced each other in four nationally televised debates.Kennedy's manner, especially in the first debate, seemed to eliminate the charge that he was too young and inexperienced to serve as president, and many believe these debates gave Kennedy the edge he needed for victory. The election drew a record 69 million voters to the polls, but Kennedy won by only 113,000 votes which made it the closest popular vote in 72 years.Because Kennedy won most of the larger states in the Northeastern United States, he received 303 electoral votes to Nixon's 219.Kennedy was inaugurated on January 20, 1961.In his inaugural address he emphasized America's revolutionary heritage,"The same beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe,"2 Kennedy said."Let the word go forth

Individual Behavior and Processes Essay Example

Individual Behavior and Processes Essay Example Individual Behavior and Processes Essay Individual Behavior and Processes Essay Introduction Mgt provided us with a good basis for understanding organizational behavior by exploring the most essential elements of organizations and how they function. In Week Two our exploration of organizations will become more specific by examining the most basic working elements of the workplace: people. This course will eventually ask us to contemplate the complexities of people working together in groups and teams but, in order to get our studies off to the best start we will begin by considering how individuals function within the workplace. Most students can easily describe themselves however their descriptions are often based upon their internal view of how they see themselves or how they hope others view them. In order for a person to improve their relationships they must gain an accurate understanding of how others see them. Week Two will examine the diversity among individuals and how our differences affect the way we interact with others in the workplace. Most of todays employees want to be involved and expect to have some level of responsibility in helping to meet organizational goals. They want more autonomy to make their own decisions and to accomplish their own goals. Still, employees want to have a personal life and place a very high value on their personal freedoms. More and more employers report that today’s workers often turn down overtime wages in order to spend more time doing what they enjoy! This fact demonstrates how important individual freedoms are. Each worker is different in the way they view the workplace and each has a unique set of expectations for what makes them feel happy and successful in their work. Success in the new workplace requires a set of skills for working successfully with a broad mix of people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds, different ages and genders, and different domestic and national cultures. When people think of diversity they primarily think of differences in age, race, ethnicity, gender, physical ability, and sexual orientation – but diversity is much broader than that. Diversity also includes things like religious beliefs, education, experience, socio-economic class, family values, and more. Consider your own workplace: think about where people grew up, where they went to school, and how many other ways they are different. How many differences can you count among the five people with whom you work most closely? How well do you know these people and how many unknown differences might there be? These differences make people act and think in very different ways. Diversity is everywhere and organizations have two clear choices: to manage and utilize diversity or to suffer from it. Valuing diversity is extremely important for today’s organizations. Truly valuing diversity is characterized by managing and working with others while fully respecting their individual differences. Many organizations are providing training designed to help people understand and respect differences. Heres the key: instead of fearing or dreading the differences in our workforces, lets try to take advantage of them. A diverse workforce offers a rich pool of talents, ideas, and viewpoints for solving complex problems. Diversity, if managed properly, can provide a competitive advantage for an organization. Good managers understand that diversity, like conflict, can be looked upon as a barrier to success or as an opportunity for success. If an employer lets differences interfere with hiring and developing someones ability, it becomes some other companys gain. Leading employers and managers are aware that this can be used to their gain. They make an effort to understand and tap into those differences and prevent erroneous perceptions or stereotyping. In the end, their ability to understand and motivate a diverse workforce results in increased organization success. Respecting diversity is really quite simple. If an individual feels respected and understood then they are most likely to be happy in their work. Similarly, if they feel that they can effectively communicate with others then they feel important. By respecting the differences among people and enabling a positive environment for communication, effectiveness in the workplace may be significantly increased. Effective communication begins with a willingness to listen and think critically about what another person has said. People often misinterpret the messages sent by others and respond in ways that are inappropriate – we’ve all seen examples of misunderstandings in our lives. Effective communication depends on the ability of two people to send and receive messages in a way that allows their intentions to be accurately interpreted. Communication is a very dynamic process that is continually challenged by factors called â€Å"noise. † Noise is defined as anything that can interfere with effective communication (Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, 2005, p. 295). Communicative noise is not necessarily audible; for example, noise can include a person’s mood or attitude. A lack of contextual basis can also act as a barrier to effective communication. This type of noise commonly occurs in the workplace when workers communicate via email. The mode we choose to send a message is called a channel. Email is a relatively new channel to people, so miscommunication frequently occurs because the people receiving our messages are not able to judge our intended meaning as clearly as they can in person. Practical Application and Questions for Thought How many times have you hit the â€Å"send† button on your email only to have someone call you to ask why your response was so negative? Consider what your boss would think if you sent the following email message on a payday: â€Å"Gee boss, I’m so happy with my paycheck that I feel like I’m cheating the company! † If you gave me a raise, I don’t know what I would do! † Would the response from your boss be positive or negative? What future implications might this message have for you? The answers to those questions depend on several factors like how well the boss knows you, what type of mood the boss is in, and how much money you earn compared to others in the company. That is exactly the point – you cannot know how the message will be perceived because you are not able to convey it in a way that lets the boss know you are joking. If you were to see your boss in the hallway and if you knew that he/she was in a good mood, you might smile and whisper the statement. Under those conditions, the boss is much more likely to understand that you are kidding. Youll recall that in Week One we discussed a workplace scenario in which a new director was faced with the task of fixing a supply department that was riddled with problems. Of course the director’s tasks include researching, identifying, and planning solutions for a number of procedural problems. Because the central problem was defined as a cultural deficiency, it is certain that one of the director’s first actions was to gather the middle managers and institute a culture change. This has a profound effect on the workplace, beginning with the way the employees viewed their place in the organization. Instead of being afraid of taking action for fear of making things worse or being reprimanded, they will soon take an active part in process improvement. They will also realize that they are the keys to success and that they are expected to be proactive in all areas of their jobs. Because management is openly communicating with them they understand what the standards are and how departmental success will be defined. The employees are active participants in discussions about where we need to go and how were going to get there. Most importantly they are told that above all else they are all in this situation together and that they will all succeed or fail together. The increase in motivation caused by this new culture will be instantly noticeable. When dramatic cultural change like this occurs you see the positive changes in the employees’ expressions and you can actually feel it as you walk through the department.

Why transfer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why transfer - Essay Example We helped raise funds in order to build the bridge, because many children die when crossing the river during flood seasons. I discovered that, though the bridge project was going well, the basic living conditions in the village had not improved.  However, when I visited another village in a different province in China, I was completely shocked to find that the people led progressive lives, while keeping their tradition and culture intact. Instead of remaining in a progressive rut, they parlayed what they knew of their traditional culture into a briskly functioning art and handicraft industry. They actually had a working business model that I did not expect to see in such a backward village. I realized that my dream to help the other village by spoon feeding them was wrong. When I explained to my father that we could actually do much more for the village than what we were already doing, he told me that I had the right idea. But without a solid foundation in Business and Economics, I would not be able to put my theories and plans into reality. Then I realized what my true calling was, and began to follow this new career path. Upon my return to UW, I enrolled in Economics courses and utilizd my free time in a manner that would allow me to mingle and discuss economic theories with my classmates and professors. My diligence and desire have a highly positive relation to the grades that I got in those Economics centered classes. I was averaging a 4.0 in my Macroeconomics, Statistics, and Business Law classes. I enjoyed dipping my feet in the School of Business and Economics pool, and my interest was further fueled by my participation in an information technology project at the Foster School of Business at UW. My impressive performance has convinced me that I am truly ready to become a Business and Economics

Will Private Equity Overtake Public Equity Term Paper

Will Private Equity Overtake Public Equity - Term Paper Example Private equity groups like Slater-Walker in the 1960s and Hanson Trust in the 1980s have been providing an alternative form of financing to public financing for many years now. These were the first firms or conglomerates that tended to fiancà © slumping companies and turned them around for cash generation. These private equity firms were seen as corporate saviors, which helped to revive poor performing firms and gave big returns to shareholders (BBC, 2006). Yet there may be downsides to private equity financing and in one recent analysis and news report, by Times, private equity companies are to face major tax deductions. The Times reported that firms financed by private funding may have to pay millions of pounds in extra taxes as commissioned with changes by the Treasury and Revenue & Customs. The report suggests that such heavy tax burdens can be a downturn for an industry that has created millionaire bosses. The tax rate on capital gains is set to rise from 10% to 40% (Timesonlin e, 2006). According to the report, private equity firms own companies that employ more than 20% of the UK private sector workforce. The Somerfield and Debenhams are major companies in the UK backed by private equity. Private equity bosses carry compensation packages of  £2billion a year so sudden tax burdens could go up to a few million pounds. However despite this sudden tax problem, which may have to be resolved by the BVCA, it is important to analyze why private equity firms have recently been more attractive than public equity firms and why has there been an exodus of top executives who moved from public companies to privately financed companies within the UK and indeed in many other emerging markets of the world. According to a recent cover story by Businessweek Online (Feb 2006), more and more of business firms are keeping away from public companies because of the ‘money, freedom and glamour’ of private companies.

Microsoft Vista and Home Computing Essay Example for Free

Microsoft Vista and Home Computing Essay In 2005, Microsoft announced that it was working on a new version of their Windows operating system that would fix many security problems that were plaguing Windows-XP users. Consequently, many software lovers eagerly anticipated the launch of the upgraded operating system, named Widows Vista. Unfortunately, after Vista was released in 2007, it disappointed most users and critics because of its lack-luster performance, high cost and incompatibility with XP software. It is worse than Windows XP, and home-computer users today are better off using Windows 7 Home Premium. Windows Vista was released five years after XP, taking longer to produce than previous versions of Windows. XP had numerous security flaws that allowed hackers to manipulate or destroy a computer user’s data or cripple network communication, and Microsoft aimed to fix these with Vista (Ricadela 2006). Viruses, spyware, trojans and other forms of malware can easily infect XP, especially when users access the internet. Microsoft’s preoccupation with fixing these bugs in XP eventually delayed the production and release of Vista (Ricciuti 2004). Unfortunately, after Vista was released in 2007, it met harsh criticism from press reviewers, corporate users and home-computing users. A corporate satisfaction survey launched in 2008 indicated that only 8% of Vista users were very satisfied compared to 40% for XP users (Keizer 2008). Netmarketshare (2010) also estimates that Vista has the smallest portion of users (14. 34%) among the currently-used Windows operating systems, with Windows 7 at second place (14. 46%) and XP with the most users at 61. 87% (2010). Home users will find it difficult to use Vista, especially if they have been used to the more stable XP operating system. XP users will realize that Vista’s system requirements are higher than XP’s. Consequently, existing users have to upgrade their computer hardware or buy a new computer altogether if they want to upgrade to Vista. Microsoft recommends at least a 1 GHz processor, 1 GB of Random Access Memory (RAM), a 128-MB video-graphics card capable of DirectX 9. 0, at least 40 GB of Hard Disk Drive (HDD) capacity with at least 15 GB of free space, and a DVD-ROM drive to install the software (Microsoft 2010). It may be possible to run Vista with less, but the performance will crawl. In reality, one needs much more than the stated requirements to achieve reasonable performance. Vista’s performance is also slower compared to XP and Windows 7. XP users will immediately notice the difference in speed when they start using Vista. Many tasks seem to crawl compared to XP. Benchmark tests run by Tom’s Hardware indicated that XP is generally faster than Vista, and the testers recommend sticking with XP because â€Å"it cannot perform better than Windows XP† (Schmid 2007). For example, basic tasks, such as copying files, are much slower than XP. Microsoft released a Service Pack upgrade to fix this problem, but ZDNet benchmark tests indicate that the upgraded Vista is still slower than XP (Kingsley-Hughes 2008). In fact, computers that were purchased pre-installed with licensed Vista software performed so poorly that customers wanted to downgrade it to XP, but retailers charged a fee for it. Consequently, customers sued Microsoft for this (Melanson 2009). Avid gamers will also be very disappointed if they use Vista in their home computers. Just like Tom’s Hardware, Techgage processed comparative tests using different games running in both Vista and XP. Naturally, XP was faster than Vista (Williams 2007). The graphics drivers of Vista are simply not developed enough, and the basic requirements of Vista itself are heavier than XP. Microsoft attempted to fix this again through a Service Pack upgrade. However, even after the â€Å"fix,† game developers still recommend Vista users to double the requirements of XP users. For instance, Capcom, the publisher of the game Devil May Cry 4, requires a minimum of 2 GB of memory for Vista users. However, XP users only need 1 GB (PC Game Requirements 2010). Some XP software and hardware are also not compatible with Vista. Existing home computer users who already spent a considerable investment in software will be frustrated again with Vista’s inability to run some of their existing computer programs such as virus scanners. Even many businesses did not bother to upgrade from XP to Vista when it was released because of this incompatibility issue (Deare 2007). The US Department of Transportation has also banned any upgrades from XP to Vista citing software incompatibility issues, costs and the lack of additional features that could prove to be useful or advantageous (McDougall 2007). Using Vista with WiFi will also be difficult. While connecting to networks with XP is not a problem, Vista sometimes refuses to connect with some networks (Claerr 2008). Even if one is able to connect to the router, the Internet may be absent or access to network files and printers may not be available. The user may also be disconnected intermittently from the router if he or she is able to connect, or the speed may be very slow. Fixes may involve upgrading routers, but if the router is not owned by the user, such as in airports, cafes or other public Wifi hotspots, then connections are not possible unless XP or other compatible operating systems are used. Vista also consumes more power than XP. This means that laptop batteries will drain faster using Vista. It is due to Vista’s higher hardware requirements that use more energy. Attempting to turn off some of Vista’s features, such as its fancy graphical interface, will make it more energy-efficient. However, doing the same with XP still makes it greener than Vista. Vista is also more expensive than XP or Windows 7. Microsoft Vista Home Premium currently retails for $239. 95 in online software retailers. On the other hand, Windows 7 Home Premium retails for only $199. 99. And if one buys a new, discounted, old-model personal computer today, with a CRT screen, a tower CPU and an extended keyboard for around 200 to 250 dollars, sometimes Windows XP is already bundled together with the entire package, making it virtually free. This is why Vista is not cost effective. Some of the new features of Vista are also not impressive compared to its predecessor, Windows XP and its successor Windows 7. The new graphical interface of Vista is more aesthetic than XP, but it slows down performance to the point where it is not worth it. The new versions of bundled software such as the internet browser, media player, email manager, photo manager, appointment manager and movie maker are either downloadable for free for XP users or available for free either from third-party vendors or packaged together with purchased hardware like cameras and scanners. The new security prompts can also be nagging or annoying. The most noticeable new feature for Vista is the Aero graphical user interface. Compared to XP, it appears more three-dimensional. The new eye candy has improved icons, animations and thumbnails that are live. The transparencies are also new. However, since Aero uses more energy, it drains the battery life of laptops. Turning it off will save power (Murph 2007). Another new feature that is immediately noticeable is the Windows Sidebar. It is a transparent panel where various applets or small programs called Desktop Gadgets can be attached or removed. These applets include gadgets such as clocks, weather information, news, photographs, currency converters and so forth. In Windows XP, a similar panel called Google Gadgets can be downloaded for free, courtesy of Google. Internet Explorer 7 also comes with Vista. This version has new features including multiple tabbed windows, the ability to zoom pages, a filter against phising (hackers attempting to gather important data such as passwords from users), additional security features, including restricting suspected malicious software from writing beyond the Temporary Internet Files folder without consent, and International Domain Name (IDN) support. However, these features and many more are included in free internet browsers such Mozilla’s Firefox and Google’s Chrome, which can be downloaded and installed using Windows XP or other operating systems for free. A new version of Windows Media Player, version 11, is also bundled with Vista. A new feature in this version allows users to search for music or video files while they type. This is called â€Å"word wheeling. † It also includes a new media library Graphical User Interface (GUI), a photo organizer and an Internet file-sharing feature. However, new versions of Media Player can be downloaded from Microsoft’s website under Windows XP for free. Moreover, there are other third-party software applications that provide free video and audio software, including codecs, to play all the latest types of media for free. Again, these can be downloaded from the Internet using XP or other operating systems. Vista also includes a new version of Outlook Express which was renamed Windows Mail. It features continuously-updated junk-mail and phishing filtering. However, there are better email management programs, such as Mozilla’s Thunderbird, that can again be downloaded for free from the Internet using XP or other operating systems. Windows email systems have also always been the prime target of hackers and malware authors, so using a different email program such as Thunderbird is more secure and safe. There are also new multimedia applications that are included In Vista, but these programs are usually included for free with the hardware that they support. For example, Vista includes Windows Photo Gallery, which allows users to import pictures from digital cameras, organize them, adjust their properties and produce slideshows. But software that is bundled for free with digital cameras is more advanced than Vista’s basic Photo Gallery. There are also new games included with Vista. A new chess and mahjong game is included. A folder is also included to organize all of the games. Unfortunately, like previous versions of Windows, the bundled games are not the type of commercial games that users like or want to play. And if they have an existing game collection already, they will run slower on Vista and may not even run at all. Vista also has speech recognition software integrated within Vista. It allows users to hear words in computer applications by allowing the computer to speak them out loud in a robotic voice that may not be comprehensible occasionally. This feature may be useful for those with visual problems, but usually the visually impaired purchase better speech recognition software such as Dragon Naturally Speaking, which is available in XP and other operating systems. Vista also has other minor new features. It has new fonts and improved international fonts. For mobile computer users, there is also a centralized control panel called the Windows Mobile Center for controlling properties needed by laptop user such as battery life, wireless connections, brightness, screen orientation and other settings. There is also a new version of Netmeeting renamed Windows Meeting Space. This allows different users to share their entire desktop or individual applications over the Internet with other users. And there is also a new version of the back up and restore application which facilitates the restoration of damaged data. The improvements however are not significantly new. In conclusion, home computer users should avoid Windows Vista altogether. If one is an existing XP user who is thinking about upgrading, one should just forget about it since it may make home computing worse. It is also overpriced. However, if one is purchasing a brand new state-of-the-art PC or laptop with an option for choosing one’s operating system, then Windows 7 is the answer. On the other hand, if one is on a budget and wishes to purchase new, discounted, old-model PCs pre-installed with licensed versions of Windows XP, then that is a satisfactory option as well. But whatever one does, one should always avoid Vista. It’s a lemon. References Claerre, J. (2008). Vista Problems With WiFi. eHow. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. ehow. com/about_5106461_vista-problems-wifi. html Deare, Steven. (2007, May 14). Gartner: App testing delaying Vista rollouts. ZDNet. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. zdnetasia. com/gartner-app-testing-delaying-vista-rollouts-62012902. htm Devil May Cry 4 Game Requirements. (2008, Jul 26). PC Game Requirements. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. pcgamerequirements. com/game-index/devil-may-cry-4-game-requirements/ Keizer, G. (2008, Mar 26). Leopard drubs Vista in corporate satisfaction survey. Computerworld. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. computerworld. com/s/article/9072218/Leopard_drubs_Vista_in_corporate_satisfaction_survey? nlid=1source=NLT_AM Kingsley-Hughes, A. (2008, Feb 15). Vista SP1 vs. XP SP2 – Benchmarked. ZDnet. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. zdnet. com/blog/hardware/vista-sp1-vs-xp-sp2-benchmarked/1332 McDougall, P. (2007, Mar 2). Microsoft Hit By U. S. DOT Ban On Windows Vista, Explorer 7, and Office 2007. Information Week. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. informationweek. com/news/security/showArticle. jhtml? articleID=197700789 Melanson, D. (2009, Feb 16). Microsoft gets sued over Windows XP downgrade fees. Engadget. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. engadget. com/2009/02/16/microsoft-gets-sued-over-windows-xp-downgrade-fees/ Microsoft. (2010). Windows Vista Enterprise Hardware Planning Guidance. Technet. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://technet. microsoft. com/en-us/library/cc507845. aspx Murph, D. (2007, May 3). Vistas Aero interface blamed for truncated battery life. Engadget. Retrieved Aug 13, 2010, from http://www. engadget. com/2007/05/04/vistas-aero-interface-blamed-for-truncated-battery-life/ Netmarketshare. (2010, Jul). Operating System Market Share. Retrieved Aug 13, 2010, from http://marketshare. hitslink. com/operating-system-market-share. aspx? qprid=10 Ricadela, A. (2006, Feb 14). Gates Says Security Is Job One For Vista. Information Week. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. informationweek.com/news/windows/microsoft_news/showArticle. jhtml? articleID=180201580 Ricciuti, M. (2004, Apr 1). Microsoft: Longhorn beta unlikely this year. Cnet News. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://news. cnet. com/Microsoft-Longhorn-beta-unlikely-this-year/2100-1008_3-5183385. html Schmid, P. (2007, Jan 29). Windows XP vs. Vista: The Benchmark Rundown. Tom’s Hardware. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. tomshardware. com/reviews/xp-vs-vista,1531. html Williams, Rob. (2007, Jan 29). Windows Vista Gaming Performance Reports. Techgage. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://techgage. com/article/windows_vista_gaming_performance_reports/2

Graduation Speech: Listen Carefully -- Graduation Speech, Commencement

Listen carefully, Class of '2012, for the sounds you hear tonight will last a lifetime. Store them up and save them in your hearts, for they are priceless. Each whisper, each tick of the clock is a reminder of something you've gained here. Pay attention, so when you hear them later in life you will remember. When you hear a bell ring, remember our first day of school, back in September of 2008. The coolness of the desks chilled our sun-tanned skin as we sat timidly in our seats, quietly absorbing the shrill sound of our first high school bell as it rang at 7:30 in the morning. As much as our eyelids wanted to sink into a sweet abyss, fear crept through our bones as we eyed the monstrous seniors sitting nearby. For many of us, they may as well have been pro-wrestlers, but we did not run from them. Rather, we learned to pick the biggest one and follow him through the halls, avoiding the grueling task of maneuvering through a sea of students. We learned to problem solve quickly in those first days, a valuable skill. Don't forget this lesson, for it will take you far in life. When ...

The Effects of Media Propaganda

AbstractThe media serve the agenda of six corporations that owns them. Just about any source of information that you see, hear or read is controlled by the agenda of the six corporations. They control the country with media propaganda agenda using the illusion of choice. The media has influenced us, economically, sociologically, and psychologically.The media function with the intent to shape our thinking into believing what they wanted us to believe. Many of the news coverage in the media is due to the fact that it align with the media agenda. This would paper allowed us to see different areas we have been shaped by the media and the strategy they used to achieve their objective. The media propaganda is key major part of media operation and is used to accommodate as well protect the agenda of the elite.IntroductionThe American culture of today is communicated through media. Media is the most powerful and influential force in the country. The media are powerful agents of socialization and they set the standard that majority follow. The power giving to American media has allowed them to be very effective using propaganda as strategy, the media tend to say they serve to relieve social conflicts into minimum. We clearly see that the media promote social conflicts by separating class. The image that media has created in the mind of masses has economical, psychological and sociological impact the masses.The intent of the media is to satisfy their own agenda, not to inform and entertain. They been very successful using this strategy, more of their agenda less of the masses interest. Richard Cohen once said â€Å"We are going to impose our agenda on the coverage by dealing with issues and subjects that we choose to deal with.†Propaganda is form of communication that attempt to influence the attitude of the community towards some cause or position by presenting only one side of an argument. Propaganda is widely spread throughout the media to create chosen result in audience attitudes. Media main objective is to influence the attitude of the people. The audio visual media such as television, radio, and sound motion pictures means of communication are available to the psychological operator.Their effectiveness is based on seeing and having the persuasive message. These medium provide an excellent means of persuasive message. Television projects the sense of sight, adding the element of motion, like motion picture, it combines sight, sound and motion. Television is an immediate effect, it places the viewer is two locations simultaneously, creating the illusion of participating in a distant event. The transmission of T.V overcomes illiteracy, audience need not be able to read.The Psychological media propaganda advantage helps the media through television bring people in global separate locations together by exposing then visually to the same ideas and concepts. Psychologist Hadley Cantril and Hazel Gaudet, led us to some valuable discovery afte r October 30 1938 when radio broadcast war of the world? As a result of this broadcast there was a national panic for all to see the effect of media propaganda. While many panic during the broadcast, some remain calm and collected. The people that were not panic displayed what psychologist called a critical faculty (pg589). The lack critical faculty was the lack of the ability to create a framework in which to check if information were true.The people that lacked critical faculty are the low income bracket because of limited sources of information. A psychology study conducted by Cantril, along with Gaudet, H, the model which accounted for how movies influenced children. The study of media effect has spawned many functional theories today such as Agenda-setting theory, cultural imperialism theory. The powerful influence of media is revealed through agenda setting the ability to tell the masses what issues are important. Many have been concerned about the psychological effect of medi a as far back as 1922. Media has the power to presents images to public through propaganda. Which McCombs and Shaw investigation of  presidential campaigns in 1968, 1972, and 1976. In the findings, they concluded that the mass media psychological a significant influence on what voters considered to the major issues of the campaign.The agenda- setting allowed the media not to reflect reality, they filter and shape it. They also concentrate on few issues and subjects leads the public to view those issues, as more significant than other issues. The time frame is the most important aspect of this phenomenon. Bernard Cohen (1963) psychology effect of media, they may not be successful in telling people what to think, but it is stunningly successful in telling its readers what to think about. Lastly, the western nations dominate the media around the world.The western nations used cultural imperialism to impose their western views through media on third world countries. They simply shape and control third world destroying their native cultures through the effect of media propaganda. There are several different theory that provide evidence of this. In as much as the third world countries continue to broadcast western civilization’s programs, then these countries will always believe they should act, think and live as westerners. Clearly it is widely seen how media propaganda has impacted our lives psychologically.Over the past generation, it has become very clear that the U.S mass media is a major influential voice in the U.S society. Edward S Herman once said media operate in systematic propaganda model. The media serve to mobilize support for the special interests that dominate National, State and Private activity. Propaganda is not the only function of the media, however it is a very essential aspect of their overall service. Certainly in a capitalist society and major conflicts of class interest. The media function to serve the large propaganda requirements of the elite. The media have consistently promote the agenda of the elite, particularly in U.S.First thing to consider in the economic effect of media propaganda is the ownership of the media is among a handful the largest profit corporations in the world. Many of these corporations have a comfortable size of interest in U, S economy. Objectively, their needs to remain profitable corporation severely influence the need operations and major content of media broadcast. Subjectively, the self- interest of the handful corporations as become the operation of the media. Second advertising, has colonized the U.S media and is also  responsible for most of their generating income.Third media are drawn into symbolic relationship with powerful sources of information by economic necessity. Media depend upon news provided them by corporation and government sources and due to this fact they are pressured to follow corporate agenda. Whenever the wealthy right-wingers were dissatisfied with poli tical media coverage. They make sure that they send a clear message of their displeased. The ideology of double standard of the media propaganda work effectively.For example the media treatment of murder coverage or report is based on if it is a worthy victim or unworthy victim, which majorly depended on their relationship to the elite interests. The news coverage of Vietnam War and the development it appear as if the media were opposed to the war. Contrary to the image the media portray, they continued to present the War in manner consistent with the interest of wealthy till the very end. This provide a good example on how media propaganda operates to maintain economic agenda. For news to be worthy of coverage it would have to meet the elite requirement and it must be something the media can sale.It very certain that all these facts have major impacts on how media deliver news to the general public, the economic effect of media propaganda determines what event or incident gets medi a coverage. It is a system that continues to develop a systematic approach of how to protect the interest of the elite without making it obvious to the public. We believe that the media exist to inform and entertain, however the reason for the program will watched on T, V is to keep us interested till the next paid commercial. The more will considered the economic effect of media propaganda the more will discovered that its centered around the agenda of wealthy folks. The agenda of the elite is what is propagated by the media, the generally public received it as the truth follow. The Sociology perspective of the media is also an important aspect to consider.If the powerful are able to fix the premises of discourse, to decide what the general populace is allowed to see, hear, and think about and to â€Å"manage† public opinion by regular propaganda of their own strike in an issue or immobilized by effective propaganda the media will serve elite interest uncompromisingly (Herma n,1996). It very essential to look different sociology perspective of media propaganda and how they influence our  society. Functionalist believe that media propaganda contributed to the benefit of the society. Charlie Wright (1975) was able to identify ways media contributed to society. He said media coordinate and correlate information that is valuable to the culture. People gather in groups to watch, they talk about what they see, and they share the sense that are watching something special (Schudson 1986).Functionalist view media propaganda as an important function in society. It is the media to influence social uniformity on bigger scale. Media propaganda has been accused of creating dysfunction. Postman (1989) argued the media culture undermines the educational system. Conflict perspective claim that corporation use media propaganda to satisfy their own agenda. Sitcoms and News coverage are not created to inform and entertain, however they are to keep our interest to the nex t paid commercial. This perspective view media as conduit for social coercion. The owners of media use programing and advertising to influence certain and targeted social class.Whatever agenda or trend they introduced through media is the public mimicked, the media maintain dominance and remained major influential force in the nation due to the fact that they were use propaganda very effectively. From the conflict perspective, modern day media are instruments of social control,(Sullivan 2007) while interactionist and functionalist agree that media propaganda is necessary, conflict perspective view media propaganda as necessary evil. The media propaganda is used as an instrument of social control and also an effective way to carry out their agenda.Interactionist perspective, media propaganda is used to define and shape our definitions of any given situation. This perception of reality seems to come together as daily value and cultural change. The definition of American in the 50s is definitely different what we see expect today. The way the media portray family is the set standard that majority of society would consider acceptable. The effect of the media propaganda is powerful that social acceptance is solely dictated and depended on what the media approve. The symbols that the media present to us will represent what is acceptable and proper. So anyone that does not identify with the symbols are considered to be an outcast.The media propaganda create a perfect society illusion that the masses strive to emulate. You have athletes, celebrities and models promoting clothing, brand that vast majority cannot afford. To consider to be part of the elite class  society you have to identify with those things. Many people have lost their own identity trying to meet up with media expectation of them. Many also get into huge debt due to the fact that the image of happiness the media portray is things you can afford to buy with good credit. The interaction between the ma sses and the media is symbolic. They serve their own agenda, whenever the public interact with the media is to acquire information or to be entertained, however whenever the media interact with the public is serve their own agenda, which is the agenda of the elite groups of individual that runs them.The agenda of the elite is to impose their â€Å"Will† on the masses and make money of it. CEO of Walt Disney, Michael Eisner once said â€Å"We have no obligation to make history, we have no obligation to make art. We have no obligation to make a statement. To make money is our only objective. The media interaction with general public is symbolic because it revolved around money, money is the symbol that connect the media with the public.ConclusionThe media control the country using propaganda and illusion of choice to achieve their agenda. The 6 media giants control 90% of what we read, watch, listen to and anything outside these sources is consider not to be credible. The info rmation that we received on daily basis are controlled by six individual who run these companies. The media form and shape the society culture, reality and acceptance. They not only function to promote the agenda of the elite, they impose the culture accepted by the elite as set standard for all. The instrument that the media use to control society is propaganda.The media used the illusion that they exist to inform and entertain, however they existed to serve the agenda of the elite. They use different avenue to capture and change the public minds in order to achieve their own objectives. Our culture in America today is what the media say it is, Social conflicts are promoted by the media, separating public into different classes and holding one particular groups as the set standard of the rest. Finally the new coverage or any information we gathered through media is the media’s imposed agenda.